Sapphire properties

Sapphire, one of the four precious stones (alongside diamond, ruby, and emerald), is a variety of corundum (aluminum oxide) that comes in several colors, except for red, which is called ruby.

This stone, the second hardest after diamond, is valued for its beauty and durability. Its hardness, measured on the Mohs scale, is 9 out of 10, making it extremely resistant to scratches and wear.

The name "sapphire" has its origins in various ancient languages, reflecting the fascination and importance given to this precious stone across cultures and civilizations.
In Greek, the term "sappheiros" means "blue stone," highlighting the characteristic blue color of the sapphire. This deep and captivating blue color has always been one of the most appreciated features of the sapphire.
In Hebrew, the word "sappir" means "the most beautiful thing," reflecting the beauty and rarity of the sapphire.
Some linguists suggest a Sanskrit origin for the name "sapphire," "Santi Priya," which translates to "dear to Saturn." This origin is related to the Indian belief that the sapphire is dedicated to this planet. In Vedic tradition, Saturn is associated with wisdom, discipline, and justice, qualities that are also attributed to the sapphire.

Until the 13th century, lapis lazuli, with its deep and vibrant blue hue, was often confused with sapphire, known as "sappheiros," leading to numerous identification errors throughout history. This confusion was primarily due to the similarity in color between the two precious stones.
However, the Greeks, known for their insight and appreciation of precious stones, recognized sapphire well. They called it "huakintos," referring to the bluish-purple iris, thus highlighting the delicate nuances of this remarkable gem.
It was only in the early 19th century, with the advancements in gemology and mineral identification, that sapphire was correctly distinguished from lapis lazuli and classified as a variety of corundum.

Sapphire is sometimes called the "oriental gem," but in the past, it has been designated by several misleading names, including "oriental peridot" for green sapphire varieties.

Generally, the term "sapphire" evokes blue corundum, but this precious stone also comes in a variety of colors, ranging from pink to yellow, orange, purple, green, black, and colorless.
Although blue sapphire is the most famous and coveted in history, other variations deserve attention. Among them, Padparadja or Padparadscha sapphire, with a pink-violet or pink-orange hue, is particularly rare and prized.
The different shades of sapphire are the result of micro-impurities included in the structure of corundum. For example, the presence of iron and titanium gives its blue hue, while vanadium causes the purple color. Yellow, on the other hand, results from the density of iron and can even turn green.

The most well-known and sought-after variety throughout history is blue. Most stories and legends related to sapphire therefore only contemplate this stone. This is what you will find in reading this page.

Since the early 20th century, synthetic sapphires can be manufactured in the laboratory. French chemist Auguste Verneuil developed the first process in 1902.
These synthetic sapphires are chemically and physically identical to their natural counterparts. They are particularly appreciated for their scratch resistance, making them ideal for the production of watch glasses, camera lenses, lasers, armored windows, and bulletproof vests.

Mines: Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Burma, China, India, Brazil, Thailand, the USA, Canada, Australia, Tanzania, Cambodia and Vietnam.

History, legends and beliefs about sapphire

As mentioned earlier, most legends and beliefs relate to blue sapphire, as it was the only variety identified and known at the time. However, it is important to note that sapphire exists in a much wider range of colors, each with its own meanings and associated beliefs.

The Persians, a people of great cultural and spiritual wealth, attributed deep significance to sapphire. They believed that the earth rested on a massive sapphire, whose blue reflections were the origin of the sky’s color. This belief reflects the profound reverence they had for this precious stone, which they considered a symbol of purity and divinity.
For the Persians, sapphire was much more than just a precious stone. It was seen as a link between heaven and earth, a symbol of the connection between man and the divine. The blue reflections of sapphire were perceived as a manifestation of divine presence, evidence of the beauty and perfection of creation.
Sapphire was also associated with wisdom and knowledge. The Persians believed that sapphire had the power to reveal truth and guide those who wore it towards wisdom and understanding. They often used sapphire amulets and talismans to protect themselves against evil forces and to attract the blessings of the gods.

Sapphire played an important role in the culture and spirituality of ancient Egypt. The ancient Egyptians revered sapphire as the stone of truth and justice, firmly believing in its power to reveal the truth and protect those who wore it against lies and injustices.
In Egyptian mythology, sapphire was associated with the goddess Ma’at, the personification of order, justice, and truth. Ma’at was often depicted with a sapphire feather on her head, symbolizing the purity and clarity of truth. The Egyptians believed that sapphire had the power to reveal lies and protect those who were just and honest.
Sapphire was also used in amulets and talismans to protect against evil forces and injustices. The Egyptians believed that sapphire could repel evil spirits and negative influences, thus offering spiritual and physical protection to those who wore it.

Sapphire fascinated the Greeks as early as 480 BC when they discovered this precious stone, mainly imported from Sri Lanka.
According to legend, Prometheus, the Titan who brought fire to humans, also stole sapphire from the gods, considering it a symbol of wisdom and divine knowledge.
The Greeks, who were known for their reverence for gods and oracles, often wore a sapphire when they visited the oracle of Apollo at Delphi. They believed that this precious stone would help them better understand the oracle’s answers, as they called it the "jewel of the sun god," Apollo, because of its deep blue color and light evoking the sun.

Sapphire holds a special place in sacred texts and religious traditions. In the Bible, sapphire is mentioned several times, symbolizing purity, wisdom, and divine protection.
In Exodus, sapphire is described as one of the stones of God’s throne, symbolizing the majesty and power of the Creator. It is also mentioned as one of the twelve stones on the breastplate of Aaron, the high priest, representing the tribe of Issachar. This association with sapphire underscores the importance of wisdom and knowledge in religious practice.
Sapphire is also associated with the heavenly Jerusalem, the divine city described in the Book of Revelation. In this vision, the walls of the city are made of sapphire, symbolizing the purity and perfection of the heavenly city.
According to tradition, King Solomon, renowned for his wisdom and power, wore a magical ring with a blue sapphire, known as the "Seal of Solomon." This ring was said to give him the power to command demons and spirits, as well as to speak to animals. He is said to have used this ring to seduce the Queen of Sheba, a story that highlights the power and allure of sapphire.
The patriarch Abraham is also said to have worn a sapphire around his neck as a talisman, symbolizing his faith and divine protection.
Finally, according to some interpretations, the tablets of the law given to Moses on the mountain were engraved in sapphire, although others believe they were made of lapis lazuli.

The blue sapphire, with its celestial color and light evoking the divine realm, is a symbol of great importance for the Catholic Church. This precious stone is associated with purity and spirituality, and its significance dates back centuries.
As early as the 13th century, cardinals wore a sapphire ring on their right hand, the one that gives the blessing, as a symbol of their fidelity and closeness to God. This tradition has persisted over the centuries, and the sapphire has remained a symbol of devotion and faith for members of the Catholic Church.
One famous story related to the sapphire is that of the "Talisman of Charlemagne." Charlemagne is attributed with a pendant made of a blue sapphire, which was given to him by the caliph Harun al-Rashid. This pendant is said to have contained holy relics, and Charlemagne wore it as an amulet to indicate his devotion to God and his divine protection. This story illustrates the belief in the protective and spiritual power of sapphire in the Catholic tradition.

Sapphire, with its deep blue color and rarity, has always been a symbol of prestige and power. In royal and aristocratic circles, sapphire has been worn by kings, queens, and nobility, not only for its beauty but also for its symbolic meaning.
In Europe, particularly in France, blue sapphire is associated with royalty. This association may date back to the Capetian dynasty, where blue was an expensive and rare color, symbolizing the prosperity and high status of the nobility. Kings and queens of France often wore jewelry adorned with sapphires, such as crowns, tiaras, and brooches, to emphasize their rank and authority.
Blue sapphire is also associated with loyalty and fidelity, important qualities for leaders. By wearing this precious stone, kings and queens showed their commitment to their people and their country.

In the Middle Ages, sapphire, with its deep and mysterious blue color, was revered for its protective and healing powers and was often worn as a talisman or amulet. It was firmly believed that this precious stone had the power to preserve chastity and reveal fraud and betrayal.
In addition to these attributes, sapphire was also considered a bulwark against diseases and epidemics, such as the plague and fever, as well as against poisons. It was often used in medicinal remedies and potions for its healing properties.
Furthermore, sapphire was reputed to be a powerful protector against black magic and evil forces. It was believed that its presence could dispel negative energies and repel evil influences.
Finally, sapphire was also used as a fidelity test. It was believed that the stone would change color if worn by an unfaithful person, making it a means of verifying the loyalty and fidelity of partners.

Sapphire has been revered especially in Asian countries, where it has held a prominent place in beliefs and religious practices, particularly by Buddhists. This precious stone, with its deep and captivating blue color, is considered sacred and is often associated with wisdom, purity, and truth.
Buddhists believe that sapphire has the power to stimulate the desire for prayer and meditation, thus helping to achieve a higher state of consciousness. It is said that the stone brings inner peace, happiness, and serenity to those who wear or possess it.
In the Buddhist tradition, sapphire is also associated with compassion and benevolence, qualities that are considered essential for achieving enlightenment. By wearing or meditating with this stone, believers hope to cultivate these virtues and progress on the path of spiritual awakening.

Sapphire, with its timeless beauty and deep symbolism, has become a popular choice for wedding rings, symbolizing integrity, love, and fidelity.
Its association with royalty and glamour was reinforced by the engagement ring that Prince Charles gave to Lady Diana for their wedding. This ring, adorned with a 12-carat blue sapphire surrounded by diamonds, became iconic and inspired many women to choose sapphire for their own engagement or wedding ring.
The context of royalty, the prince charming, and the fairy tale story captivated the imagination of many young girls at the time, who dreamed of their own sapphire ring. This trend has persisted over the years, and sapphire has become a symbol of romance and timeless elegance for couples worldwide.

Sapphire is often given as a gift to celebrate special wedding anniversaries. Traditionally, it is associated with the 5th and 45th year of marriage, symbolizing fidelity, sincerity, and stability in a relationship.

Additionally, sapphire is also the birthstone of the month of September, making it an even more meaningful gift for those born during this month.

Famous sapphires

Sapphires, these jewels of exceptional rarity, have always been surrounded by mystery and legend. Among the most famous are:

The "Black Star of Queensland." This extraordinary sapphire, weighing 733 carats (147 grams), was cut from a rough sapphire of 1156 carats. It is considered the largest star sapphire ever discovered. Its origin is equally fascinating, as it was found in Australia in 1938. Mounted on a white gold base adorned with 35 diamonds, it was exhibited in several museums before passing into the hands of a private collector. Since 2007, it has not been seen in public, adding to its aura of mystery and rarity.

The Grand Sapphire of Louis XIV, a piece of unparalleled rarity and beauty, is a jewel that has made history. Weighing 135.8 carats, this sapphire is distinguished by its unique shape, composed of six faces and a perfect rhombus. Acquired by Louis XIV in 1669, it quickly became one of the most precious gems of the French crown. Originating from Sri Lanka, this sapphire was carefully selected and cut into rhomboids to highlight its exceptional color and clarity.

The Sapphire of Edward the Confessor, a gem of priceless historical value, is the oldest among the jewels of the British Crown. This sapphire has a rich and fascinating history, dating back to the time of King Edward the Confessor, who wore it as a ring at his coronation in 1043. Subsequently, it was set in many crowns worn by British sovereigns, symbolizing the continuity and legitimacy of royal power.
The history of this sapphire is also marked by tragic events. When King Edward the Confessor was buried in 1163, his ring was recovered during the transfer of his body to another chapel. However, legend has it that the king himself gave his crown and ring to the kingdom, thus forming the first jewels of the British Crown.
Unfortunately, in 1649, the crown jewels were destroyed by Oliver Cromwell, ending the use of Edward the Confessor’s crown for the coronations of British sovereigns. However, the sapphire survived and was recut in 1660 for King Charles II. Later, in 1838, at the initiative of Queen Victoria, it was set in the Imperial State Crown, adding a new dimension to its already rich history of twists and symbolism.

The "Sapphire of the Commoners," a name that evokes both elegance and simplicity, is a famous and iconic engagement ring. Composed of a 12-carat Ceylon sapphire, this ring has a history that dates back to Princess Diana, who received it as an engagement gift from Prince Charles in 1981. Its classic design, with an oval sapphire surrounded by diamonds, has made it a timeless symbol of love and commitment.
Today, this ring is worn by Kate Middleton, the Duchess of Cambridge, who received it in 2010 during her engagement to Prince William. Her choice to wear this ring was seen as a touching tribute to Princess Diana and has helped perpetuate the legacy of this iconic ring. Its elegance and significance make it a powerful symbol of love and continuity, and it continues to inspire many people around the world.

The Logan Sapphire, a gem of unparalleled rarity and beauty, is a jewel that has made history. Weighing 423 carats (84.6 grams), this sapphire is distinguished by its impressive size and deep blue color. Cut in a cushion shape and mounted on a brooch, it is surrounded by 20 diamonds with a total value of 16 carats, adding to its brilliance and splendor.
Originating from Sri Lanka, this sapphire was discovered in the 1960s and was donated by Mrs. John A. Logan to the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Since then, it has become one of the most precious pieces in the museum’s collection, attracting the attention of visitors from around the world. Its fascinating history and rarity make it an invaluable treasure, a symbol of luxury and refinement.

The Nertamphia Sapphire is a rare and precious gemstone that was discovered in 2016 in a sapphire mine in Burma. It is a 216-carat sapphire, making it one of the largest sapphire gemstones ever discovered. The stone was named after King Nertamphia, who ruled the ancient kingdom of Pagan in Burma in the 9th century.

The Rockefeller Sapphire is a gemstone of exceptional rarity and beauty. Acquired in 1934 by John D. Rockefeller, one of the wealthiest men of his time, this sapphire has a fascinating history. It was purchased from an Indian maharaja, possibly Mir Osman Ali Khan, the last Nizam of Hyderabad, which adds an exotic and mysterious touch to its origin.
This sapphire is of a deep and intense blue, making it a particularly prized stone for collectors and jewelry enthusiasts. With a weight of 62.02 carats, it is also of an impressive size, adding to its prestige and value.
The Rockefeller Sapphire is cut to highlight its color and brilliance. Its rectangular shape gives it an elegant and modern appearance, while its setting on a diamond-studded ring adds a touch of sophistication and luxury.
In 1988, the Rockefeller Sapphire was sold at auction by Sotheby’s for the impressive sum of $2,820,000. Then, in 2001, it was sold by Christie’s for $3,031,000, showing that its prestige and value have only grown over the years.

The Star of Bombay is a gemstone of exceptional beauty and rarity. Originating from Sri Lanka, this sapphire is a true natural treasure. With an impressive weight of 182 carats, or approximately 36.4 grams, it is one of the largest sapphire gemstones ever discovered.
This sapphire has a fascinating history. It was gifted by Douglas Fairbanks, a Hollywood cinema legend, to his wife, Mary Pickford, also a famous actress from the silent film era. Mary Pickford later bequeathed this gemstone to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, where it is currently on display.
The Star of Bombay is a star sapphire, meaning it exhibits a six-pointed star when exposed to light. This unique feature gives it an extraordinary beauty and brilliance, making it a highly sought-after gemstone by collectors and jewelry enthusiasts.

The Star of India is a gemstone of exceptional rarity and beauty. Originating from Sri Lanka, this star sapphire is one of the largest of its kind, with an impressive weight of 563.35 carats, or approximately 112.67 grams. It was discovered in a sapphire mine in Sri Lanka and has a milky gray-blue color, giving it a unique and fascinating appearance.
What makes the Star of India even more remarkable is that it exhibits a star on both of its faces. This feature is extremely rare and adds to the beauty and value of this gemstone.
The Star of India was donated to the American Museum of Natural History by businessman J.P. Morgan, who was a great collector of gemstones. However, in 1964, the gemstone was stolen by Jack Murphy, also known as Murph the Surf, a famous jewelry thief. Fortunately, the gemstone was recovered two months later and returned to the museum.

The Star of Midnight is a gemstone of exceptional rarity and beauty. Originating from Sri Lanka, this star sapphire is one of the largest of its kind, with an impressive weight of 116 carats. What makes this gemstone even more remarkable is its unique color, which ranges from purple to black. This color variation gives it a mysterious and fascinating appearance. The Star of Midnight is housed at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, where it is on public display.

The Millennium Sapphire is a gemstone of exceptional rarity and beauty. Discovered in Madagascar in 1995, this sapphire is the largest ever found, with an impressive weight of 13 kilograms, or approximately 61,500 carats. What makes this gemstone even more remarkable is that it has been carved by Italian artist Alessio Boschi into a sculpture that pays tribute to human creativity and genius.
The sculpture of the Millennium Sapphire is an extraordinary work of art. Alessio Boschi has depicted on this sculpture men and women who have left their mark on human history, such as Albert Einstein, Christopher Columbus, Mozart, Rousseau, Newton, Shakespeare, Lao Tzu, Beethoven, Michelangelo, Martin Luther King, and many others. He has also depicted great monuments and inventions that have shaped the world, such as the pyramids of Giza, the Great Wall of China, Gutenberg’s printing press, and many others.
In total, the Millennium Sapphire features over 134 subjects, making it a unique and fascinating work of art.

Healing properties and benefits of sapphire

The sapphire, a gemstone of incomparable beauty, is also renowned for its therapeutic properties and health benefits. Here are some of the medicinal properties attributed to sapphire:

• Skin, hair, and nail regeneration: Sapphire is considered a precious ally for the health of the skin, hair, and nails. It is believed to promote cell regeneration, helping to maintain healthy and radiant skin, strong hair, and resilient nails.
• Relief from skin diseases: Sapphire is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it an effective natural remedy for skin diseases such as acne and eczema.
• Strengthening of the nervous system: Sapphire is also known for its calming and soothing properties on the nervous system. It can help relieve nerve pain such as neuralgia and headaches.
• Combatting insomnia and dizziness: Sapphire is reputed for its sedative properties, making it an effective natural remedy for insomnia and dizziness.
• Pain relief: Sapphire is also known for its analgesic properties, making it an effective natural remedy for joint pain, rheumatism, gout, colic, heartburn, dental pain, sinus pain, ventricular pain, and injuries in general.
• Strengthening of the eyes and vision: Sapphire is reputed for its beneficial properties for the eyes and vision. It can help strengthen the eyes and improve vision.
• Reduction of tumors, ulcers, and hemorrhages: Sapphire is also reputed for its anti-inflammatory and healing properties, making it an effective natural remedy for tumors, ulcers, and hemorrhages.
• Lowering of fever and inflammation: Sapphire is also known for its antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties, making it an effective natural remedy for fever and inflammation.

Sapphire jewelry samples